Basalt Leaching in Rapa Nui (Easter Island) Rock Gardens Favours Agricultural Surplus Production

Basalt Leaching in Rapa Nui (Easter Island) Rock Gardens Favours Agricultural Surplus Production Elisabeth Burns, Depts. of Anthropology and Gender, Sexuality, & Women’s Studies, with Dr. Christopher Stevenson, Dept. of Anthropology In an effort to provide evidential support for the process of basaltic mineral dissolution replenishing soil fertility and enabling productive plant growth in Rapa Nui rock gardens, a simulated leaching experiment was conducted to determine the elemental release rates from the basalt matrix, and the availability of these elements for plant absorption. The dissolution experiment modeled Rapa Nui soil conditions and rainwater with a pH of 6.3. Basalt leaching was accelerated at elevated temperatures (50-90°C) for 44.8 days. The results indicated that calcium and magnesium were preferentially leached even with a short-term exposure. These data support an earlier observation of calcium enhancement in rock gardens above levels of natural fertility in non-garden soils. Ultimately, it is of interest to determine if soil nutrient enrichment through basalt leaching was enough to increase crop surplus and facilitate the construction of megalithic architecture.https://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/uresposters/1300/thumbnail.jp

Assessing the Rock Island Community Garden Program

As part of Sustainable Working Landscapes Initiative with Augustana College’s Upper Mississippi Center, students in Urban Design and Environmental Justice (Geography 325) conducted research on Rock Island’s community garden program this fall. The City of Rock Island currently has 21 vacant-lot community gardens and plans to expand the program to 24 gardens in 2019. The purpose of this project was to develop an initial assessment of the community garden program and provide general information about the benefits of urban gardens. Students worked with Dr. Strunk to conduct a survey with current garden program participants and tested soil from 14 gardens for lead contamination. Students collected 3 soil samples from 3 different sections of most gardens (north, middle, south sections). The soil tests showed that sections of 5 different gardens (#3N, #10M, #11N, #11M, #11S, #15N, and #21)have elevated lead levels above the EPA standard of 400 parts per million. The remaining 8 gardens will be tested for soil lead contamination in early 2019. Students also created informational resources about the health benefits of gardens, conducted research about features of successful after-school gardening programs to be discussed with Rock Island-Milan school officials, and developed a proposal for a recipe book that can be used to raise awareness about the diversity of cultural practices in gardens and raise money for small-scale garden grants. Finally, students developed a proposal for a rainwater harvesting system and created designs for a sign for Rock Island Urban Farms and a future community garden site on city property

Paul D. Workman Photograph Collection- Accession 1109

The Paul D. Workman Photograph Collection consists of photographs taken by Rock Hill, SC resident and WWII veteran Major Paul D. Workman (1900-1968). Maj. Workman was the nephew of Winthrop founder and first president, David Bancroft Johnson (1856-1928) through Dr. Johnson’s half-sister Florence Nance Workman (1872-1940). The collection consists of 168 slides, 5 negatives, and 76 photograph prints. Most of the images are of Rock Hill, SC and are of spring scenes including Glencairn Gardens and other gardens, the Rock Hill Centennial Parade in 1952, local businesses, Sullivan Middle School (formerly Rock Hill High School, the Southern Rail Road, and the Elks Club of Rock Hill.https://digitalcommons.winthrop.edu/manuscriptcollection_findingaids/2285/thumbnail.jp

庭園をめぐるライフヒストリー/ライフジオグラフィー--英国人植物学者レジナルド・ファラーの日本旅行とロックガーデンに魅せられた人生

This paper explores lifehistory/lifegeography of English botanist, Reginal Farrer (1880-1920). Farrer encountered Japanese gardens in Japan in 1903 and wrote The Garden of Asia : Impressions from Japan in 1904. I discuss this work in relation to his general ideas about rock gardens : My Rock Garden (1907). He had been greatly influenced by his encounter with Japanese gardens in Japan, where he developed his idea of rock gardens. I explore the landscape management of Reginald Ferrer\u27s home at Clapham, Ingleborough, Yorkshire. I consider how Farrar\u27s ideas on rock gardens may be seen as the creation of a "hybrid" garden, while the main stream of Japanese gardens at the age of fashion in Edwardian Britain is the introduction and copy of an "authentic" Japanese garden. Farrer was not interested in copying Japanese garden design, rather he was interested in creating "natural" rock gardens using exotic alpine plants in the British environment. His ideas of rock garden and his estate managment around Clapham village can be seen as an attempt to create a "hybrid" landscape garden in Britain.This paper explores lifehistory/lifegeography of English botanist, Reginal Farrer (1880-1920). Farrer encountered Japanese gardens in Japan in 1903 and wrote The Garden of Asia : Impressions from Japan in 1904. I discuss this work in relation to his general ideas about rock gardens : My Rock Garden (1907). He had been greatly influenced by his encounter with Japanese gardens in Japan, where he developed his idea of rock gardens. I explore the landscape management of Reginald Ferrer\u27s home at Clapham, Ingleborough, Yorkshire. I consider how Farrar\u27s ideas on rock gardens may be seen as the creation of a "hybrid" garden, while the main stream of Japanese gardens at the age of fashion in Edwardian Britain is the introduction and copy of an "authentic" Japanese garden. Farrer was not interested in copying Japanese garden design, rather he was interested in creating "natural" rock gardens using exotic alpine plants in the British environment. His ideas of rock garden and his estate managment around Clapham village can be seen as an attempt to create a "hybrid" landscape garden in Britain

Flowering perennials : characteristics and culture (2012)

Flowering perennials represent a large group of garden plants with roots that persist from year to year. Stems and leaves of some may remain, but in most, the tops die back to the soil each winter. Perennials are suitable for many locations. Most frequently, they are incorporated in a flower border that they share with annual flowers and shrubs. Perennials with similar cultural requirements are grouped into plantings known as rock gardens, wildflower gardens, bog gardens or perennial flower borders.Revised 5/02; Reviewed 4/10; Reprinted 1/12/1M

Circular 114

Trials were begun in 1989 at the Georgeson Botanical Garden (64°51’N, 147° 52’W, elevation 475 feet; 136 meters) to evaluate the hardiness and ornamental potential of trees, shrubs, and herbaceous perennial ornamentals. Woody ornamentals are tested for 10 years, and herbaceous perennials for five years. This report is the first summary of perennials that have survived the trial period with a winter hardiness rating between zero and 2.5. Each plant in the trial is evaluated annually for winter injury and rated on a scale of zero through four. A zero rating denotes no visible injury, and four is death. A score of 2.5 and lower indicates the plant grew well in the Garden. It may have shown symptoms of winter injury but recovered in subsequent seasons. The species and cultivars listed in Table 1 are recommended for further trial throughout Interior Alaska. Plants are grown on a south-facing slope in Fairbanks silt loam soil. The plots have been cultivated since about 1910. All plants receive full sun except those located in the shade house. Plants receive supplemental irrigation, mostly hand weeding, and an annual application of 500 lb per acre (560.5 kg/ha) 10-20-20S fertilizer. Lilies receive 1500 lb (1,681.5 kg/ha) per acre of the same fertilizer. No plant receives winter protection such as mulches, wind barriers or snow fences. Weather data are compiled annually from U.S. Weather Service station (elevation 475 feet; 136 meters) located approximately 350 feet (105 meters) west of the Garden. A summary of pertinent weather statistics is shown in Table 2

About Perennials

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Sojourns in nature : the origins of the British rock garden.

The popularity of the rock garden is seen as a late nineteenth century phenomenon, which followed the creation of the Backhouse Nursery rock garden in York, England, in 1859, although a few earlier gardens are sometimes mentioned as isolated incidents. This thesis proposes that the rock garden evolved out of efforts to cultivate alpine and rock plants, and traces interest in their collection back to sixteenth century Europe. A terraced garden at le Jardin des Plantes, Montpellier, France, indicates that by 1598 there was interest in simulating specialized plant habitats. The earliest known rock garden was built in Orford, England, about 1767, and by the early nineteenth century, rock gardens were popular garden features, as may be seen from the numbers of articles in the horticultural press. From these published accounts, the design, construction, culture, planting, and maintenance of rock gardens are compared and studied. As proof that rock gardens were created as places to grow alpine and rock plants from the first, lists of alpine and rock plants recommended for gardens between 1789 and 1856 are analyzed. The majority of the plants on these lists were low, spreading, needed the improved drainage offered by the structure of the rock garden, and, to a lesser extent, had alpine origins. Between 1789 and 1856 the reasons for plant choice did not change significantly. This thesis explores the origins of the rock garden, studies its history, and analyzes its structure and plants to place it in context with the rest of landscape history